The aim of this retrospective investigation was to assess the prognostic relevance of some pre-treatment clinical variables and histological findings assessed on the surgical samples of 46 patients with stage Ib(2)-IIb cervical cancer treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy. Seven patients achieved a pathologically documented complete response, 6 had an optimal partial response, 29 had a suboptimal partial response, and 4 had stable disease. As for histological findings on surgical samples, 7 (15.2%) patients had positive lymph nodes, 10 (21.7%) had lymph-vascular space involvement, and 10 (21.7%) had positive parametria and/ or surgical margins. After surgery, 38 patients received further treatment with chemotherapy and/or irradiation. The median follow-up of survivors was 53 months (range, 4-167 months).Thirteen (28.3%) patients developed recurrent tumour, 11 (23.9%) patients died of tumour and one patient died of ictus with no clinical evidence of tumour. Recurrence-free and overall survival were significantly related to tumour stage (Ib(2)-IIa versus IIb, p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively), pathologically assessed lymph node status (negative versus positive, p=0.0009 and p=0.007), lymph-vascular space status (negative versus positive, p=0.01 and p=0.009), parametrial and/or surgical margin status (negative versus positive, p=0.0001 and p=0.0005), but not to haemoglobin level before chemotherapy, patient age, tumour grade or chemotherapy regimen. A platelet count before chemotherapy above the median value of 272,000/microl was associated with a trend for a shorter recurrence-free survival (p=0.06) and with a significantly shorter overall survival (p=0.04) when compared with a lower platelet count. In conclusion, FIGO stage, lymph node status, lymph-vascular space status, parametrial and/or surgical margin status and pre-treatment platelet count are predictors of clinical outcome in patients with FIGO stage Ib(2)-IIb cervical cancer undergoing cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy. A multivariate analysis on a larger series of homogeneously treated patients is warranted to better define the clinicopathological risk factors useful to adequately plan the therapeutic strategy.