NOTES ("natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery") has the potential to optimize minimally invasive surgery. In gynecology there is extensive experience with the transvaginal approach to the abdominal cavity. It is easy to perform, closure is safe and there is little risk of infection. Hence, this is the approach most suitable for NOTES. By means of rigid laparoscopic instruments cholecystectomy can be routinely performed. Such operations could be performed in 149 patients in our hospital and the NOTES register of the DGAV has data on more than 900 transvaginal operations.