We examined oxidative stress markers of 31 patients suffering from ALS, 24 patients suffering from PD and 30 healthy subjects were included. We determined the plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), of protein oxidative lesions (plasma glutathione, carbonyls and thiols) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes i.e. erythrocyte Cu,Zn-Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase. MDA and thiols were significantly different in both neurodegenerative diseases versus control population. A trend for an enhancement of oxidized glutathione was noted in ALS patients. Univariate analysis showed that SOD activity was significantly decreased in ALS and GSH-Px activity was decreased in PD. After adjusting for demographic parameters and enzyme cofactors, we could emphasize a compensatory increase of SOD activity in PD. Different antioxidant systems were not involved in the same way in ALS and PD, suggesting that oxidative stress may be a cause rather than a consequence of the neuronal death.