Functional adaptation of the switch-2 nucleotide sensor enables rapid processive translocation by myosin-5

FASEB J. 2010 Nov;24(11):4480-90. doi: 10.1096/fj.10-163998. Epub 2010 Jul 14.

Abstract

Active site loops that are conserved across superfamilies of myosins, kinesins, and G proteins play key roles in allosteric coupling of NTP hydrolysis to interaction with track filaments or effector proteins. In this study, we investigated how the class-specific natural variation in the switch-2 active site loop contributes to the motor function of the intracellular transporter myosin-5. We used single-molecule, rapid kinetic and spectroscopic experiments and semiempirical quantum chemical simulations to show that the class-specific switch-2 structure including a tyrosine (Y439) in myosin-5 enables rapid processive translocation along actin filaments by facilitating Mg(2+)-dependent ADP release. Using wild-type control and Y439 point mutant myosin-5 proteins, we demonstrate that the translocation speed precisely correlates with the kinetics of nucleotide exchange. Switch-2 variants can thus be used to fine-tune translocation speed while maintaining high processivity. The class-specific variation of switch-2 in various NTPase superfamilies indicates its general role in the kinetic tuning of Mg(2+)-dependent nucleotide exchange.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Actins / metabolism
  • Adenosine Diphosphate / metabolism*
  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Computer Simulation
  • Magnesium / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Myosin Type V / genetics*
  • Myosin Type V / metabolism*
  • Nucleotides / metabolism
  • Phosphates / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein Transport* / genetics

Substances

  • Actins
  • Nucleotides
  • Phosphates
  • Adenosine Diphosphate
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Myosin Type V
  • Magnesium