Diez Roux has used the concept of complex systems to describe approaches for the incorporation of social factors into health research. These systems consist of heterogeneous interdependent units that also exhibit emergent properties. The latter embodies the concept that the interdependent units interact with and affect each other such that the resulting properties are not simple aggregates of the individual-level properties. This paper reviews research from Manitoba with a view towards conceptualising and phrasing the observed patterns within a complex system framework. A review of the temporal and spatial patterns seen within two large sexual network databases from Manitoba was undertaken and framed against the overlying patterns of sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission within Manitoba. The review includes a summation of STI epidemiological patterns in Manitoba over a 5-year time frame, a comparison of temporal sexual network patterns, and an analysis of network patterns in relation to disparity in STI rates. Hypotheses are generated that focus on how individual-level behaviours and interactions create the observed complex system (network) patterns.