Personality is an important clinical factor for successful adjustment in stressful situations. The aim of this study was to examine possible differences in temperament and character dimensions between patients with adjustment disorder with depressed mood and healthy controls. Among the young male conscripts, 86 subjects with adjustment disorder with depressed mood and 86 healthy controls were included. The mean scores in the 7 dimensions and 25 subscales of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared between the patients with adjustment disorder with depressed mood and the control group by an independent t-test. The patients with adjustment disorder with depressed mood had significantly higher scores on harm-avoidance and lower scores on self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence than did the controls. There were no differences in novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence in temperament between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that the personality traits of the subjects with adjustment disorder with depressed mood would make them vulnerable to stressful situations and less skilled in coping with conscription.