RECIST, which is currently the standard evaluation criterion for clinical trials in cancer treatment, is widely extrapolated for use in clinical practice. However, the criteria depend on change in the size of tumors, and do not correspond to functional or metabolic change, or to changes in shape and texture such as tumor necrosis or cavitation due to molecular-targeted therapy. There will not be any changes that high-performance and high-resolution CT has been widely playing an important role in the future, in addition, so-called imaging biomarkers such as MRI and FDG-PET will have become used as diagnostic imaging modalities for the evaluation of cancer treatment and prognosis, because they can provide information concerning the morphological, functional and metabolic changes of tumors. Furthermore, in the current state where cancer treatment will be shifting towards individualized medicine by targeted therapies, we will need to evaluate these modalities to establish an adequate measurement method and timing, and the evaluation method. And the simplified and standardized criteria will be able to be achieved as future scientific cancer treatment evaluation.