The immunogenicity of virus-derived 2A sequences in immunocompetent individuals

Gene Ther. 2013 Sep;20(9):958-62. doi: 10.1038/gt.2013.25. Epub 2013 May 23.

Abstract

Genetic engineering of T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients has shown significant promise. To ensure optimal antitumor activity and safety, the simultaneous expression of multiple genes is frequently required, and short viral-derived 2A sequences are increasingly preferred for this purpose. Concerns exist, however, that these virus-derived sequences may induce unwanted immune responses, and thus diminish persistence of the gene-modified cells after adoptive transfer. Whereas such responses were absent in immunocompromised recipients, potential immunogenicity in immunocompetent individuals remains a concern. We now address whether ex vivo T cell responses can be elicited against the most widely used 2A sequences (2A-Thosea asigna virus (TAV) or 2A-equine rhinitis virus (ERAV), specifically) in immunocompetent individuals. We used a potent ex vivo culture system previously validated to induce T cell responses even against weakly immunogenic antigens. Of the sixteen donors tested, only five released very low levels of interferon-γ in response to 2A-TAV peptide mixtures (single peptide specificity in three donors, adjacent self-antigen peptide specificity in one donor and nonspecific reactivity in one donor). None of them produced cytotoxic activity or responded to 2A-ERAV. These results suggest that exposure to viral-derived 2A sequences is unlikely to produce unwanted T cell responses in immunocompetent individuals and further supports their continued use for studies of human gene therapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Antigens / immunology
  • Aphthovirus / genetics
  • Aphthovirus / immunology*
  • Cell Line
  • Genetic Vectors
  • Healthy Volunteers
  • Humans
  • Immunocompetence
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive
  • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
  • Interferon-gamma / immunology
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Peptides / immunology*
  • RNA Viruses / genetics
  • RNA Viruses / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens
  • Peptides
  • Interferon-gamma