Purpose of review: This review is focused on the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication with antibiotics in patients with primary gastric lymphomas of indolent and aggressive nature.
Recent findings: Gastrointestinal lymphoma is the most common form of extranodal lymphoma, involving primarily the stomach in 60-75% of cases. The most common histological subtypes are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type. H. pylori infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma; its role in gastric DLBCL remains controversial. Recently, international guidelines established that patients with gastric MALT lymphoma should be treated with upfront H. pylori-eradicating antibiotic therapy and that residual microscopic or molecular disease does not need for additional antiblastic treatment. The excellent prognosis of patients with gastric DLBCL managed with conservative chemo-radiotherapy led some investigators to test H. pylori eradication as exclusive treatment in prospective trials, keeping chemo-radiotherapy for unresponsive patients. This conservative strategy was well tolerated and active in patients with limited-stage DLBCL (±MALT areas) of the stomach.
Summary: H. pylori eradication is a suitable strategy as exclusive upfront treatment for both patients with MALT-type lymphomas or with DLBCL of the stomach. Additional trials are needed to elucidate related controversial issues.