Comparison data on results of efficiency of the research institutes (RI) of RAMS by international and own evaluation criteria of the research activity of above institutions in 2011 are presented. The consistency of international and own evaluation results was observed in 21RI (39%), the institutions-leaders found, and in 13 RI (24%) - less effective institutions. Thus, the use of own evaluation criteria only complicates the unbiased assessment of the Russia's position in the international scientific rating.