Background: FDG-PET/CT is part of the standard diagnostic management of a patients with a large variety of common and less common malignant tumors, based on the increased glucose metabolism within tumors.
Case presentation: A hybrid fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was performed in a neurofibromatosis patient to rule out relapse of malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumor. The scan revealed non-malignant neurofibromas, a testis seminoma and hypermetabolic syphilitic granulomata.
Conclusion: This case stresses the need to rule out infectious diseases when atypical hypermetabolic lesions are present.