Regeneration of Solanum nigrum by somatic embryogenesis, involving frog egg-like body, a novel structure

Kedong Xu; Yunxia Chang; Kun Liu; Feige Wang; Zhongyuan Liu; Ting Zhang; Tong Li; Yi Zhang; Fuli Zhang; Ju Zhang; Yan Wang; Wei Niu; Shuzhao Jia; Hengchang Xie; Guangxuan Tan; Chengwei Li

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098672

Regeneration of Solanum nigrum by somatic embryogenesis, involving frog egg-like body, a novel structure

PLoS One. 2014 Jun 4;9(6):e98672. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098672. eCollection 2014.

Authors

Kedong Xu¹, Yunxia Chang², Kun Liu¹, Feige Wang², Zhongyuan Liu², Ting Zhang², Tong Li², Yi Zhang¹, Fuli Zhang¹, Ju Zhang¹, Yan Wang³, Wei Niu², Shuzhao Jia², Hengchang Xie², Guangxuan Tan¹, Chengwei Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
² College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
³ Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

A new protocol was established for the regeneration of Solanum nigrum by frog egg-like bodies (FELBs), which are novel somatic embryogenesis (SE) structures induced from the root, stem, and leaf explants. The root, stem, and leaf explants (93.33%, 85.10%, and 100.00%, respectively) were induced to form special embryonic calli on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, under dark condition. Further, special embryonic calli from the root, stem, and leaf explants (86.97%, 83.30%, and 99.47%, respectively) were developed into FELBs. Plantlets of FELBs from the three explants were induced in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 100.00% plantlet induction rates were noted. However, plantlet induction in vivo on MS medium supplemented with 20 mg/L thidiazuron showed rates of 38.63%, 15.63%, and 61.30% for the root, stem, and leaf explants, respectively, which were lower than those of the in vitro culture. Morphological and histological analyses of FELBs at different development stages revealed that they are a novel type of SE structure that developed from the mesophyll (leaf) or cortex (stem and root) cells of S. nigrum.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Embryonic Development* / drug effects
Indoleacetic Acids / pharmacology
Phenotype
Plant Growth Regulators / pharmacology
Plant Leaves / growth & development
Plant Shoots / growth & development
Plant Stems / growth & development
Regeneration* / drug effects
Solanum nigrum / physiology*

Substances

Indoleacetic Acids
Plant Growth Regulators

Grants and funding

The research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272168) (http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/), Plan For Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan Province (No. 124100510021) (http://www.hnkjt.gov.cn), Science and Technology Research Major Projects of Department of Education of Henan Province (No. 13B210270 and No. 14A180003) (http://www.haedu.gov.cn/), Doctoral Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Zhoukou Normal University (No. zksybscx201108) (http://www.zknu.edu.cn/) and Scientific Research and Innovation Fund Projects of Zhoukou Normal University (No. zksykycx201306) (http://www.zknu.edu.cn/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.