β2-Adrenergic receptor agonist ameliorates phenotypes and corrects microRNA-mediated IGF1 deficits in a mouse model of Rett syndrome

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 8;111(27):9947-52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1309426111. Epub 2014 Jun 23.

Abstract

Rett syndrome is a severe childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), with known disturbances in catecholamine synthesis. Here, we show that treatment with the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol increases survival, rescues abnormalities in respiratory function and social recognition, and improves motor coordination in young male Mecp2-null (Mecp2(-/y)) mice. Importantly, we demonstrate that short-term treatment with clenbuterol in older symptomatic female heterozygous (Mecp2(-/+)) mice rescues respiratory, cognitive, and motor coordination deficits, and induces an anxiolytic effect. In addition, we reveal abnormalities in a microRNA-mediated pathway, downstream of brain-derived neurotrophic factor that affects insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression in Mecp2(-/y) mice, and show that treatment with clenbuterol restores the observed molecular alterations. Finally, cotreatment with clenbuterol and recombinant human IGF1 results in additional increases in survival in male null mice. Collectively, our data support a role for IGF1 and other growth factor deficits as an underlying mechanism of Rett syndrome and introduce β2-adrenergic receptor agonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of the disorder.

Keywords: LIN28A; let-7f.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / pharmacology*
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / therapeutic use
  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal
  • Clenbuterol / pharmacology*
  • Clenbuterol / therapeutic use
  • Disease Models, Animal*
  • Female
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / genetics*
  • Male
  • Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 / genetics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, Mutant Strains
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • Phenotype
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / drug effects*
  • Rett Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Rett Syndrome / genetics

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Mecp2 protein, mouse
  • Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2
  • MicroRNAs
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • Clenbuterol