Intraoperative consultation (IOC) in gynecologic pathology is aimed at providing or confirming the diagnosis at the time of surgery and evaluating the extent of disease in order to assist the surgeon in determining the surgical procedure being performed. This chapter discusses the main indications for IOC in gynecologic pathology and describes how to submit and process these specimens in order to obtain optimal material. In addition, diagnostic pitfalls and ancillary testing related to IOC in gynecologic pathology are summarized.