Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an extremely increased risk of fragility fractures, but the underling pathophysiological mechanisms remain obscure. Recently, the progresses of analysis technology have revealed the changes of bone quality in CKD condition. In particular, we can observe the characteristic changes of bone microarchitecture and bone chemical compositions in both human bone biopsy samples and experimental animal bones. Here, I will provide a short review on these bone quality factors and discuss on the relationship between bone quality and fracture in CKD patients.