Fragmented care and whole-person illness: Decision-making for people with chronic end-stage kidney disease

Abstract

Purpose: The study reported herein sought to better understand how patients with multi-morbid, chronic illness-who receive care in institutions designed for treatment of acute illness-experience and engage in health-related decisions.

Methods: In an urban Canadian teaching hospital, we studied the interactions of six hemodialysis patients and 11 of the health professionals involved in their care. For 1 year (September 2009 to September 2010), we conducted ethnographic observation and interviews of six cases each comprising one hemodialysis patient and various health professionals including medical specialists, nurses, a social worker, and a dietician.

Results: We found that the ubiquity and complexity of health-related decision-making in the lives of these patients suggests the need for a more holistic interpretation of health-related decision-making.

Discussion: We propose an interpretation of decision-making as an ongoing process of integrating illness and life; as frequently open-ended, cumulative, and relational; and as fundamentally shaped by the fragmented delivery of care for patients with multiple morbidities.

Conclusion: Our understanding of decision-making suggests that people living with complex chronic illness need to receive care from institutions that recognize and address their multi-morbidity as a whole illness that is constantly being integrated into the life of a whole person.

Keywords: Co-morbidity; decision-making; fragmented care; whole-person care.