The organism needs to tailor the intestinal inflammatory response to pathogenic bacteria and to pathobionts that are only occasionally pathogenic. In this issue of Immunity, Seo et al. (2015) show that the pathobiont Proteus mirabilis induces NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from CCR2(+) Ly6C(high) inflammatory monocytes.
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