The rise and fall of poly(ADP-ribose): An enzymatic perspective

DNA Repair (Amst). 2015 Aug:32:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.008. Epub 2015 May 1.

Abstract

Human cells respond to DNA damage with an acute and transient burst in production of poly(ADP-ribose), a posttranslational modification that expedites damage repair and plays a pivotal role in cell fate decisions. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and glycohydrolase (PARG) are the key set of enzymes that orchestrate the rise and fall in cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose). In this perspective, we focus on recent structural and mechanistic insights into the enzymes involved in poly(ADP-ribose) production and turnover, and we highlight important questions that remain to be answered.

Keywords: ADP-ribose; DNA damage response; MARG; PARG; PARP; Poly(ADP-ribose).

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • DNA / chemistry*
  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA Damage
  • DNA Repair*
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / chemistry*
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Isoenzymes / chemistry
  • Isoenzymes / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / chemistry*
  • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / metabolism
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / chemistry*
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / metabolism
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Substrate Specificity

Substances

  • Isoenzymes
  • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
  • DNA
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
  • Glycoside Hydrolases