"Addicted to Euphoria": The History, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Party Drug Misuse

Int Rev Neurobiol. 2015:120:205-33. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.005. Epub 2015 Apr 15.

Abstract

Eating, drinking, sexual activity, and parenting invoke pleasure, an emotion that promotes repetition of these behaviors, are essential for survival. Euphoria, a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness, is an amplification of pleasure, aspired to one's essential biological needs that are satisfied. People use party drugs as a shortcut to euphoria. Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), γ-hydroxybutyric acid, and ketamine fall under the umbrella of the term "party drugs," each with differing neuropharmacological and physiological actions. This chapter seeks to survey the history and epidemiology of party drug use; we will then discuss the pharmacological characteristics of each drug to provide a platform for understanding the difficulties that party drug users encounter through intoxication, harmful use, dependence, and withdrawal and how these should be clinically managed.

Keywords: GBH; MDMA; Party drugs.

Publication types

  • Historical Article
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Euphoria / drug effects*
  • History, 20th Century
  • Humans
  • Hydroxybutyrates / adverse effects*
  • Hydroxybutyrates / pharmacokinetics
  • Hydroxybutyrates / pharmacology
  • Illicit Drugs / adverse effects*
  • Illicit Drugs / history
  • Ketamine / adverse effects*
  • Ketamine / pharmacokinetics
  • Ketamine / pharmacology
  • N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / adverse effects*
  • N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / pharmacokinetics
  • N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / pharmacology
  • Substance-Related Disorders / drug therapy*

Substances

  • Hydroxybutyrates
  • Illicit Drugs
  • 4-hydroxybutyric acid
  • Ketamine
  • N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine