Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, including in Israel. This document updates the clinical recommendations of the Israeli medical societies (The Society for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, The Israel Heart Society, The Israel Association of Family Physicians, The Israel Society of Internal Medicine) from 2012. The need for an update stems from new studies and from the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. These recommendations take into account the guidelines of leading medical organizations in the world, as well as the specific circumstances and needs of the medical system in Israel.