Complications and outcomes after early surgical treatment for poor-grade ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A multicenter retrospective cohort

Abstract

Introduction: Early surgical treatment has been proposed to improve outcomes of selected patients with poor-grade ruptured intracranial aneurysms. We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis to identify complications and outcomes after early surgery.

Methods: We analyzed data from the two cohorts of patients with poor-grade ruptured aneurysms. Poor-grade aneurysm was defined as a World Federation of Neurosurgical Society (WFNS) grade of IV or V after resuscitation. Early surgery was defined as surgery performed within 72 h after poor-grade condition.

Results: Of the 144 patients who underwent surgical treatment for poor-grade aneurysm, 80 underwent early surgery and were included in this report. Forty-one (51%) patients presented with a WFNS grade of IV and 39 (49%) presented with a WFNS grade of V. Cerebral infarction occurred in 17 (21%) patients and was the most common complication except for pneumonia. No patients had a good outcome after postoperative aneurysm rebleeding. At follow-up (mean 12.6 months), 37 (46%) patients had a good outcome after early surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that a WFNS grade of V, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, brain herniation were independent predictors of poor outcome after early surgery. Patients with WFNS grade V more often had a poor outcome after postoperative cerebral infarction, rebleeding or symptomatic vasospasm.

Conclusions: Patients with a WFNS grade of V, intraventricular hemorrhage, brain herniation were more likely to have a poor outcome after early surgery. Postoperative complications, including rebleeding and cerebral infraction, should be prevented and treated aggressively to maximize the chance of good outcome in poor-grade patients.

Keywords: Complication; Early surgery; Intracranial aneurysm; Outcome; Poor-grade.