Abstract
Roquin-1 (Rc3h1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase originally discovered in a mutational screen for genetic factors contributory to systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms in mice. A single base-pair mutation in the Rc3h1 gene resulted in the manifestation of autoantibody production and sustained immunological inflammation characterized by excessive T follicular helper cell activation and formation of germinal centers. Subsequent studies have uncovered a multifactorial process by which Roquin-1 contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Through its interactions with partner proteins, Roquin-1 targets mRNAs for decay with inducible costimulator being a primary target. In this review, we discuss newly discovered functions of Roquin-1 in the immune system and inflammation, and in disease manifestation, and discuss avenues of further research. A model is presented for the role of Roquin in health and disease.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Autoantibodies / biosynthesis*
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Disease Models, Animal
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Germinal Center / immunology
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Germinal Center / pathology
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Homeostasis / genetics
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Homeostasis / immunology*
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / genetics*
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Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / immunology
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / genetics*
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / immunology
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / pathology
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Lymphocyte Activation
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Mice
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Mutation
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RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics*
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RNA-Binding Proteins / immunology
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / genetics
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / immunology
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Signal Transduction
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / pathology
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / genetics*
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / immunology
Substances
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Autoantibodies
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ICOS protein, human
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Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
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RC3H1 protein, human
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases