Prospective Evaluation of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Postischemic Myocardium by Simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Prognostic Marker of Functional Outcome

Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Apr;9(4):e004316. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.004316.

Abstract

Background: The immune system orchestrates the repair of infarcted myocardium. Imaging of the cellular inflammatory response by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in the heart has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the clinical relevance of post-MI (18)F-FDG uptake in the heart has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to explore the value of (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in patients after acute myocardial infarction as a biosignal for left ventricular functional outcome.

Methods and results: We prospectively enrolled 49 patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and performed (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging 5 days after percutaneous coronary intervention and follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after 6 to 9 months. In a subset of patients, (99m)Tc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography was performed with tracer injection before revascularization. Cellular innate immune response was analyzed at multiple time points. Segmental comparison of (18)F-FDG-uptake and late gadolinium enhancement showed substantial overlap (κ=0.66), whereas quantitative analysis demonstrated that (18)F-FDG extent exceeded late gadolinium enhancement extent (33.2±16.2% left ventricular myocardium versus 20.4±10.6% left ventricular myocardium, P<0.0001) and corresponded to the area at risk (r=0.87, P<0.0001). The peripheral blood count of CD14(high)/CD16(+) monocytes correlated with the infarction size and (18)F-FDG signal extent (r=0.53, P<0.002 and r=0.42, P<0.02, respectively). (18)F-FDG uptake in the infarcted myocardium was highest in areas with transmural scar, and the standardized uptake valuemean was associated with left ventricular functional outcome independent of infarct size (Δ ejection fraction: P<0.04, Δ end-diastolic volume: P<0.02, Δ end-systolic volume: P<0.005).

Conclusions: In this study, the intensity of (18)F-FDG uptake in the myocardium after acute myocardial infarction correlated inversely with functional outcome at 6 months. Thus, (18)F-FDG uptake in infarcted myocardium may represent a novel biosignal of myocardial injury.

Keywords: 18-fluorodeoxyglucose; inflammation; magnetic resonance imaging; monocytes; myocardial infarction; positron emission tomography.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Contrast Media / pharmacokinetics
  • Female
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / pharmacokinetics*
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multimodal Imaging*
  • Myocardial Infarction / metabolism*
  • Myocardial Infarction / surgery*
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  • Positron-Emission Tomography*
  • Prognosis
  • Prospective Studies
  • Radiopharmaceuticals / pharmacokinetics*
  • Recovery of Function
  • Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / pharmacokinetics

Substances

  • Contrast Media
  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi