Background: This study analyzed the pathologic findings for patients with Fukuoka-negative branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN) who theoretically were eligible for surveillance care with follow-up assessment, but instead underwent resection.
Methods: From January 2005 to December 2012, 820 patients underwent evaluation for IPMN. At initial staging, 319 patients had BD-IPMN, and 89 of these patients presented with Fukuoka-negative criteria. These 89 patients were included in this study.
Results: Of the 89 patients, 55 (62%) underwent pancreatectomy. After pathologic examination, the ultimate diagnosis was MT-IPMN for 20 (36%) of these patients (the MT group) and BD-IPMN for 35 (64%) of these patients (the BD group). The remaining 34 patients (38%) underwent enucleation. The patients in the MT group were more likely to be male (P = 0.01) and to have a higher rate of recent (< 1 year) diabetes mellitus diagnosis (P = 0.007) than the patients in the BD group. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus was independently associated with involvement of the main pancreatic duct (P = 0.05). Malignancy was diagnosed for 14 (16%) of the 89 patients. The rate of invasive IPMN was higher in the MT group than in the BD group (20% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). The 5-year overall survival rate was 100% for the BD group and 84% for the MT group (P = 0.02). For the male patients with diabetes mellitus, the rate of malignancy rose to 67%.
Conclusions: For patients with a diagnosis of Fukuoka-negative BD-IPMN, resection should be considered primarily for male patients with a recent diabetes mellitus diagnosis.