A 43-year old-male was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of rectal carcinoma. Preoperative abdominal computed tomography(CT)revealed a left inferior vena cava. There is no report of the patient with left inferior vena cava which focused on an anatomical feature of autonomic nerves. We report a case of rectal cancer patient with left inferior vena cava who underwent autonomic nerve-sparing laparoscopic low anterior resection, and review the relevant literature here.