Human pluripotent reprogramming with CRISPR activators

Nat Commun. 2018 Jul 6;9(1):2643. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05067-x.

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9-based gene activation (CRISPRa) is an attractive tool for cellular reprogramming applications due to its high multiplexing capacity and direct targeting of endogenous loci. Here we present the reprogramming of primary human skin fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using CRISPRa, targeting endogenous OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, and LIN28A promoters. The low basal reprogramming efficiency can be improved by an order of magnitude by additionally targeting a conserved Alu-motif enriched near genes involved in embryo genome activation (EEA-motif). This effect is mediated in part by more efficient activation of NANOG and REX1. These data demonstrate that human somatic cells can be reprogrammed into iPSCs using only CRISPRa. Furthermore, the results unravel the involvement of EEA-motif-associated mechanisms in cellular reprogramming.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alu Elements / genetics
  • Base Sequence
  • CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 / metabolism*
  • Cellular Reprogramming / genetics*
  • Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / genetics*
  • Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / cytology*
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / metabolism*
  • Kruppel-Like Factor 4
  • Male
  • Nanog Homeobox Protein / metabolism
  • Neural Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Nucleotide Motifs / genetics
  • RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / metabolism
  • Transcription, Genetic

Substances

  • KLF4 protein, human
  • Kruppel-Like Factor 4
  • Nanog Homeobox Protein
  • RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
  • CRISPR-Associated Protein 9