Association of Virologic Failure and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Found in Antiretroviral-Naive Children Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Given Efavirenz-Based Treatment

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020 Apr 30;9(2):261-264. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piz038.

Abstract

Among 66 antiretroviral-naive children aged <3 years with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis and initiating efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was detected before ART in 5 (7.6%). Virologic failure occurred in 2 of these children; they were last tested at 16 and 24 weeks of ART. Pre-ART NNRTI resistance was not associated with virologic failure.

Keywords: HIV drug resistance; HIV-infected children; HIV/TB coinfection; NNRTI resistance; efavirenz.

MeSH terms

  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
  • Alkynes / therapeutic use*
  • Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Benzoxazines / therapeutic use*
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cyclopropanes / therapeutic use*
  • Drug Resistance, Viral / genetics
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • HIV Infections / complications
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • HIV-1* / genetics
  • HIV-1* / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • RNA, Viral / blood
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Treatment Failure
  • Tuberculosis / complications

Substances

  • Alkynes
  • Anti-Retroviral Agents
  • Benzoxazines
  • Cyclopropanes
  • RNA, Viral
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  • efavirenz