1 Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02163, USA.
2 Ariadne Labs at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
3 Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
4 Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
5 Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.