ALKATI interacts with c-Myc and promotes cancer stem cell-like properties in sarcoma

Oncogene. 2020 Jan;39(1):151-163. doi: 10.1038/s41388-019-0973-5. Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Abstract

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a highly malignant tumor with limited targeted therapies. A novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) transcript, ALKATI, was identified recently and could be targeted by ALK inhibitors in melanoma. However, the clinical and functional role of aberrant ALKATI expression in STS remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that as a new ALK transcript, ALKATI is frequently found in STS. ALKATI expression correlates with a lower probability of progression-free survival in STS patients. Compared with the other ALK isoforms, ALKATI expresses not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus of sarcoma cells. Functionally, overexpression of ALKATI promoted cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties in sarcoma cells by promoting sphere formation and upregulating the expression of stem cell markers. Moreover, the ALK inhibitors not only suppressed the oncogenic functions of ALKATI but also attenuated ALKATI-induced CSC-like properties by reducing the expression of stem cell markers such as c-Myc, ABCG2, BMI1, and OCT4 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ALKATI interacted with c-Myc and increased the binding of c-Myc to the ABCG2 promoter, resulting in the induction of stem cell-like properties. Together, these findings indicate that ALKATI may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for STS patients harboring such ALK aberrations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 / genetics
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase / genetics*
  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Heterografts
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy*
  • Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics*
  • Sarcoma / drug therapy
  • Sarcoma / genetics*
  • Sarcoma / pathology
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects

Substances

  • ABCG2 protein, human
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • MYC protein, human
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Octamer Transcription Factor-3
  • POU5F1 protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • ALK protein, human
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase