Glucose and Counterregulatory Responses to Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Using Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: A Randomized Crossover Study

Diabetes Care. 2020 Feb;43(2):480-483. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1433. Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate exercise-related glucose and counterregulatory responses (CRR) in adults with type 1 diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin delivery to maintain glucose homeostasis.

Research design and methods: Twelve participants undertook 45-min high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) in random order. The primary outcome was continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) time in range (70-180 mg/dL) for 24-h post-exercise commencement.

Results: CGM time in range was similar for HIIE and MIE (median 79.5% [interquartile range 73.2, 87.6] vs. 76.1% [70.3, 83.9], P = 0.37), and time with levels <54mg/dL post-exercise commencement was 0%. HIIE induced greater increases in cortisol (P = 0.002), noradrenaline (P = 0.005), and lactate (P = 0.002), with no differences in adrenaline, dopamine, growth hormone, or glucagon responses.

Conclusions: IAH adults using HCL undertaking HIIE and MIE exhibit heterogeneity in CRR. Novel findings were a preserved cortisol response and variable catecholamine responses to HIIE.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Awareness / physiology*
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / instrumentation
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / methods
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / blood
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / etiology
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / psychology
  • Exercise / physiology*
  • Feedback, Physiological / drug effects
  • Feedback, Physiological / physiology
  • Female
  • Glucose / therapeutic use*
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia / chemically induced
  • Hypoglycemia / psychology*
  • Insulin / administration & dosage*
  • Insulin / adverse effects
  • Insulin Infusion Systems* / adverse effects
  • Insulin, Regular, Human / administration & dosage
  • Insulin, Regular, Human / adverse effects
  • Lactic Acid / blood
  • Male
  • Middle Aged

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Insulin
  • Insulin, Regular, Human
  • Lactic Acid
  • Glucose

Associated data

  • ANZCTR/ACTRN12618000070235