Hyperuricemia has been recognized as a worldwide public health concern. This study was conducted to examine the association between serum copper (Cu) concentration and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in a middle-aged and elderly population. Serum Cu concentration was measured by Roche modular P800 using the PAESA method. Serum uric acid (UA) concentration was detected by a Beckman Coulter AU 5800. Presence of hyperuricemia was defined as serum UA ≥ 416 μmol/L for men and ≥360 μmol/L for women. The association between serum Cu concentration and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was evaluated by logistic regression. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 17.6% (n = 6,212) in the present study. Relative to the lowest quintile, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios for hyperuricemia were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.70), 1.34 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.66), and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.91) in the third, fourth, and fifth serum Cu concentration quintiles (P for trend < 0.001). Similar results were found both in men and women subgroups. None of the findings were materially altered after adjustment for additional potential confounders. In conclusion, in this population-based cross-sectional study, serum Cu concentration was positively associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia.