Abstract
Despite early reports to the contrary, there is increasing evidence that patients with severe COVID-19 have a robust type I interferon response, which contrasts with the delayed, possibly suppressed, interferon response seen early in infection. A robust type I interferon response could exacerbate hyperinflammation in the progression to severe COVID-19 through diverse mechanisms. Further understanding of the roles of type I interferon at different stages of infection and in patients with mild versus severe COVID-19 will provide insights for the therapeutic use of interferon administration or JAK inhibitors in patients with COVID-19.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04385095 NCT04343976 NCT04354259 NCT04388709 NCT04344600.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Azetidines / therapeutic use*
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Betacoronavirus / immunology
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity*
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COVID-19
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Coronavirus Infections / drug therapy*
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Coronavirus Infections / immunology
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Coronavirus Infections / pathology
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Coronavirus Infections / virology
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Immunity, Cellular / drug effects
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Immunity, Humoral / drug effects
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Interferon Regulatory Factors / genetics
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Interferon Regulatory Factors / immunology
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Interferon-alpha / genetics
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Interferon-alpha / immunology
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Interferon-alpha / therapeutic use*
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Interferon-beta / genetics
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Interferon-beta / immunology
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Interferon-beta / therapeutic use*
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Interferons / genetics
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Interferons / immunology
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Interferons / therapeutic use*
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Interleukin-1 / genetics
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Interleukin-1 / immunology
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Interleukin-6 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Interleukin-6 / genetics
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Interleukin-6 / immunology
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Janus Kinase 1 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Janus Kinase 1 / genetics
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Janus Kinase 1 / immunology
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Lung / drug effects
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Lung / immunology
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Lung / pathology
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral / drug therapy*
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Pneumonia, Viral / immunology
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Pneumonia, Viral / pathology
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology
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Purines
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Pyrazoles
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SARS-CoV-2
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Severity of Illness Index
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Sulfonamides / therapeutic use*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
Substances
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Azetidines
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IL6 protein, human
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Interferon Regulatory Factors
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Interferon-alpha
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Interleukin-1
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Interleukin-6
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Purines
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Pyrazoles
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Sulfonamides
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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interferon-lambda, human
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Interferon-beta
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Interferons
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JAK1 protein, human
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Janus Kinase 1
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baricitinib
Associated data
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ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04385095
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ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04343976
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ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04354259
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ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04388709
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ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04344600