Objective: Diabetic retinopathy and diabetes represent serious health conditions, being considered among the main causes of blindness. In recent years, anti-VEGF therapies have been of great help in the treatment of retinal pathology and, until now, they represent the primary choice therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Nevertheless, many patients do not experience significant benefits of vision after an anti-VEGF monotherapy. For this reason, several researchers recently focused their attention on the mechanisms that play a central role in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Results: Available scientific evidence confirms that diabetic retinopathy requires other molecules capable of modifying the mechanisms that, together with angiogenesis, contribute to the development of the condition, such as vascular and neuroinflammation.
Conclusions: This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathological changes that occur in diabetic retinopathy and that might contribute to identify possible new strategies for the treatment of this condition.