Balance and functional mobility predict low bone mineral density among postmenopausal women undergoing recent menopause with osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal bone mineral density: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether balance and functional mobility independently predict bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. BMD at the hip and spine was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants were assigned into groups (i.e., osteoporosis: n=20; osteopenia: n=20; normal BMD: n=20) according to DEXA T-scores. Participants performed the single leg stance test (SLS), timed-up-and-go (TUG), and 6-meter walking test. An ordinal logistic regression was performed to determine whether the SLS, TUG, 6MWT independently predict BMD, while accounting for age, age at menopause, and body mass index. Three factors predicted low BMD: (1) less time to hold the SLS (odds ratio (OR): 0.50); (2) longer TUG time (OR: 2.85); and (3) older Age (OR: 1.31). Women with recent menopause diagnosed with osteoporosis are at a high-risk for fracture; incorporating the SLS and TUG into risk assessments may enable prompt and targeted intervention.

Keywords: Balance; Bone mineral density; Menopause; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Postmenopausal women.