Esophageal Cancer: Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging

Sonia L Betancourt-Cuellar; Marcelo F K Benveniste; Diana P Palacio; Wayne L Hofstetter

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2020.11.008

Esophageal Cancer: Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging

Radiol Clin North Am. 2021 Mar;59(2):219-229. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.11.008.

Authors

Sonia L Betancourt-Cuellar¹, Marcelo F K Benveniste², Diana P Palacio³, Wayne L Hofstetter⁴

Affiliations

¹ Thoracic Imaging Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. Electronic address: Slbetancourt@mdanderson.org.
² Thoracic Imaging Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
³ Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona - Banner Medical Center, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO BOX 245067, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
⁴ Cardiothoracic Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1489, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.

PMID: 33551083
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.11.008

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is an uncommon malignancy that ranks sixth in terms of mortality worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histologic subtype worldwide whereas adenocarcinoma represents the majority of cases in North America, Australia, and Europe. Esophageal cancer is staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union for Cancer Control TNM system and has separate classifications for the clinical, pathologic, and postneoadjuvant pathologic stage groups. The determination of clinical TNM is based on complementary imaging modalities, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy/endoscopic ultrasound; endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle aspiration; computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography.

Keywords: Computed tomography; Endoscopic ultrasound; Esophageal cancer; FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography; TNM staging system.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Diagnostic Imaging / methods*
Esophageal Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
Esophageal Neoplasms / pathology*
Esophagus / diagnostic imaging
Esophagus / pathology
Humans
Lymph Nodes / diagnostic imaging
Lymph Nodes / pathology
Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnostic imaging*
Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology*
Neoplasm Staging