This study was conducted to determine the frequency of behavioral risk factor screening and counseling by family medicine residents. Patients seen for well-care visits reported that residents screened most often for smoking and alcohol abuse. Residents inquired about stress, sedentary life-style, poor nutritional habits, and obesity less often. Few patients were counseled to reduce risks, even when unhealthy behaviors had been identified. Residents provided counseling most often for obesity, smoking, and stress; sedentary life-style, poor nutritional habits, and alcohol abuse rarely received intervention. Chart documentation of screening reported by patients was done a majority of the time only for smoking and alcohol abuse. Counseling was usually not documented. Residents screened most often for those risk factors (smoking and alcohol) they considered the most important causes of chronic disease. No relationship was found, however, between resident attitudes and likelihood of counseling. Residents agreed they needed more training to counsel patients on reducing behavioral risks.