Objective: To investigate the survival and death risk factors of mesothelioma cases stratified by the expression levels of CD8 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) , providing new clue to evaluate disease progression and clinical outcome. Methods: This was a retrospective case report, which included 47 clinically and pathologically confirmed mesothelioma cases on November 2016. Their clinical and pathological information, asbestos exposure history and survival data were collected. Infiltrated lymphocyte, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) , CTLA-4, CD8 and Ki-67 antigen were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Survival time and death risk factors of mesothelioma patients with different CD8 and CTLA-4 protein expression characteristics were analyzed. And analyze the influence of Ki-67 expression on the survival of patients with different CD8 and CTLA-4 protein and gene expression characteristics. Results: Among the 47 cases, 63.8% (30/47) had low/medium level of infiltrated lymphocyte. The immunohistochemistry scores of CTLA-4, CD8, 5-mC and Ki-67 were 92.97 (54.95, 120.65) , 72.41 (36.62, 89.82) , 11.09 (3.40, 52.89) and 5.88 (2.41, 11.48) , respectively. Patients with CD8(high) CTLA-4(high) had higher 5-mC level than those with CD8(high) CTLA-4(low) (P<0.01) . The median survival time of 27 cases was 0.83±0.29 year. The median survival times of those with CD8(high) CTLA-4(high) and CD8(high) CTLA-4(low) were 0.58±0.51 year and 0.83±0.30 year, respectively (P=0.521) . The immunohistochemistry score of Ki-67 ≥5.88 was an independent death risk factor for patients with CD8(high) CTLA-4(low) (HR=8.40, P=0.01) . Under different CD8 and CTLA-4 protein expression characteristics, in the patients with CD8(high) CTLA-4(low), the median survival times of those with high and low Ki-67 expression were 0.57±0.11 years and 2.31±0.46 years, respectively (P<0.01) . Under different CD8 and CTLA-4 mRNA expression characteristics, in the patients with CD8(high) CTLA-4(low), the median survival times of those with high and low Ki-67 mRNA expression were 1.20±0.36 years and 3.38±0.43 years, respectively (P=0.018) . Conclusion: Mesothelioma case with high CD8 but low CTLA-4 content might coexist DNA hypomethylation. In the presence of high Ki-67 expression, their survival time appears to be shortened with increased death risk.
目的： 探讨不同CD8和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）表达特征间皮瘤患者的生存期及其死亡危险因素，为病情进展及其临床结局评价提供新线索。 方法： 于2016年11月，采用回顾性临床病例研究设计，选择经临床组织病理学确诊的47例间皮瘤及其组织标本为研究对象，采集临床病理资料、石棉接触史和生存信息；以苏木素伊红染色法和免疫组化染色法对组织标本进行淋巴细胞浸润程度、5-甲基胞嘧啶（5-mC）、CTLA-4、CD8和细胞核增殖抗原（Ki-67）指标的检测，分析不同CD8和CTLA-4蛋白表达特征患者生存期和死亡危险因素，并分析Ki-67表达对不同CD8和CTLA-4蛋白和基因表达特征间皮瘤患者生存期的影响。 结果： 47例患者中，63.8%（30/47）的病例以少或中等程度淋巴细胞浸润为主，CTLA-4、CD8、5-mC和Ki-67免疫组化分值分别为92.97（54.95，120.65）、72.41（36.62，89.82）、11.09（3.40，52.89）和5.88（2.41，11.48）。CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(高表达)患者的5-mC表达水平高于CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(低表达)组（P<0.01）。27例随访信息完整间皮瘤患者的总体中位生存期为0.83±0.29年，CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(高表达)和CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(低表达)组患者的中位生存期分别为0.58±0.51年和0.83±0.30年（P=0.521）。在CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(低表达)组患者中，Ki-67免疫组化分值≥5.88是间皮瘤患者独立死亡危险因素（HR=8.40，P=0.01）。在不同CD8和CTLA-4蛋白表达特征下，在CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(低表达)组患者中，Ki-67高和低表达者的中位生存期分别为0.57±0.11年和2.31±0.46年，两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。在不同CD8和CTLA-4 mRNA表达特征下，在CD8(高表达)CTLA-4(低表达)组患者中，Ki-67 mRNA高和低表达者的中位生存期分别为1.20±0.36年和3.38±0.43年，两组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.018）。 结论： 当CD8高表达伴随CTLA-4低表达时，间皮瘤病例可能伴随DNA去甲基化现象。随着Ki-67表达增强，其生存期缩短，死亡风险升高。.
Keywords: 5-methylcytosine; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4; Ki-67 antigen; Mesothelioma.