Objective: To explore the characteristics of esophageal motility and clinical presentation in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients of different age groups. Methods: This was a case-control study. Confirmed GERD patients in the Department of Gastroenterology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2015 to September 2018 were enrolled and divided into two groups: elderly group (≥60 years old) and young and middle-aged group (<60 years old). Characteristics of gender, disease course, clinical symptoms, esophageal motility, gastroscopic manifestations and esophageal hiatus function of patients in the two groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 250 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 61 patients in elderly group and 189 in young and middle-aged group. There were no significant differences in gender ((male/female: 24/37 vs 78/111, P>0.05) and disease course((4.9±4.2) years vs(4.5±3.8)years, P>0.05) between the two groups. However, there were significant differences in typical symptoms (acid regurgitation and heartburn) and atypical symptoms (chest pain, cough, foreign body sensation in pharynx, etc.) (typical/atypical symptoms: 35/26 vs 146/43, P<0.01) between the two groups. Compared with young and middle-aged group, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) resting pressure was lower ((65±28) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)vs (74±28) mmHg, P<0.05), but the percentage of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) (78.7%(48/61) vs 65.1%(123/189),P<0.05) and DeMeester score (16.3(6.0,36.3) vs 6.4(2.5,18.0), P<0.05) were higher in elderly group. There were no significant differences in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure and distal contractile integral (DCI) between the two groups. Higher proportion of grade C and D reflux esophagitis,and grade C and D reflux esophagitis complicated with esophageal hiatus dysfunction was observed in elderly group compared with young and middle-aged group (2.04%(8/49) vs 0.65%(1/155); 14.29%(7/49) vs 0(0/155); both P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between UES resting pressure and age(r=-0.145, P<0.05), while there was a positive correlation between the LES length and age (r=0.129, P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with young and middle-aged GERD patients, the atypical symptoms, lower LES resting pressure, increased incidence of ineffective esophageal motility and acid exposure were more prominent in the elderly. Considering that anti-reflux function was weakened, long-term acid suppressants may be needed in elderly patients.
目的： 探讨不同年龄人群胃食管反流病（GERD）的食管动力和临床特点，为临床诊治提供依据。 方法： 采用病例对照研究分析 2015年 1月至 2018年 9月在北京协和医院消化内科门诊确诊的GERD患者，根据年龄分为老年组（年龄≥60岁）和中青年组（年龄<60岁）。分析两组患者性别、病程、症状、食管动力、胃镜下表现和食管裂孔功能方面的特点。 结果： 250例患者符合纳入标准，其中老年组61例、中青年组189例。老年组和中青年组在性别、病程上差异无统计学意义［男/女：24/37比78/111；（4.9±4.2）年比（4.5±3.8）年；均P>0.05］；典型症状（反酸、烧心）及非典型症状（胸痛、咳嗽、咽部异物感等）相比差异有统计学意义（典型症状/非典型症状：35/26比146/43；P<0.01），老年组以非典型症状为主，而中青年组以典型症状为主。老年组上食管括约肌（UES）静息压［（65±28）mmHg，1 mmHg=0.133 kPa］明显低于中青年组［（74±28）mmHg］ 、无效食管动力（IEM）比率和DeMeester评分明显高于中青年组［78.7%（48/61）比65.1%（123/189）；16.3（6.0，36.3）分比6.4（2.5，18.0）分，均P<0.05］。下食管括约肌（LES）静息压及食管远端收缩积分（DCI），两组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。204例患者完成胃镜检查，老年组反流性食管炎C级和D级以及C级和D级合并食管裂孔功能障碍的比例明显高于中青年组［2.04%（8/49）比0.65%（1/155）；14.29%（7/49）比0（0/155），均P<0.01）］。Pearson相关性分析显示，UES静息压与年龄呈负相关性（r=-0.145，P<0.05）；LES长度与年龄呈正相关性（r= 0.129，P<0.05）。 结论： 老年GERD患者与中青年相比，非典型症状表现更为突出，随着增龄，UES的静息压降低，无效食管比率增加，食管酸暴露程度增加，老年人群抗反流能力明显降低，可能需要长期抑酸药物维持。.