The 'difficult-to-treat depression' and the 'response paradigm' models: Implications and relevance to patient management

Affiliations

• ¹ Northern Centre for Mood Disorders, Wolfson Research Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• ² Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• ³ Department of Clinical Research, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MI, USA.
• ⁵ Faculty of Medicine, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ⁶ Epworth Healthcare, The Epworth Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ⁸ School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁹ Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ¹⁰ Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
• ¹¹ Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Midland, TX, USA.
• ¹² Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
• ¹³ Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Psychological Medicine, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.