Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

Chaoyue Wen; Siyu Li; Jiaojiao Wang; Yimin Zhu; Xin Zong; Yizhen Wang; Mingliang Jin

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.706772

Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

Front Microbiol. 2021 Aug 20:12:706772. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706772. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Chaoyue Wen^{1

2

3

4}, Siyu Li⁵, Jiaojiao Wang⁵, Yimin Zhu⁵, Xin Zong^{1

2

3

4}, Yizhen Wang^{1

2

3

4}, Mingliang Jin^{1

2

3

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
² Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁵ School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.

Abstract

Background: Heat stress has negative effects on the intestinal health of humans and animals. However, the impact of heat stress on intestinal microbial and metabolic changes remains elusive. Here, we investigated the cecal microbial and metabolic profiles in mice in response to heat stress.

Methods: The mouse heat stress model was constructed by simulating a high-temperature environment. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group (CON, 25°C) and the heat treatment group (HS, 40°C from 13:00 to 15:00 every day for 7 days). Serum and cecal contents were collected from the mice for serum biochemical analysis, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics.

Results: Both core body temperature and water intake were significantly increased in the HS group. Serum biochemical indicators were also affected, including significantly increased triglyceride and decreased low-density lipoprotein in the heat stress group. The composition and structure of intestinal microbiota were remarkably altered in the HS group. At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-Japan and Lactobacillus murinus significantly reduced, while that of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3-1 obviously increased after HS. Metabolomic analysis of the cecal contents clearly distinguished metabolite changes between the groups. The significantly different metabolites identified were mainly involved in the fatty acid synthesis, purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and plasmalogen synthesis.

Conclusion: In summary, high temperature disrupted the homeostatic balance of the intestinal microbiota in mice and also induced significant alterations in intestinal metabolites. This study provides a basis for treating intestinal disorders caused by elevated temperature in humans and animals and can further formulate nutritional countermeasures to reduce heat stress-induced damage.

Keywords: SFB; fatty acids; gut microbiota; heat stress; metabolomics.