Social Media Use, Psychological Distress and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding the COVID-19 Among a Sample of the Population of Pakistan

Muhammad Rizwan; Tauseef Ahmad; Xuehong Qi; Manal Abdulaziz Murad; Mukhtiar Baig; Abdullah Khalid Sagga; Saba Tariq; Fizzah Baig; Rozina Naz; Jin Hui

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.754121

Social Media Use, Psychological Distress and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding the COVID-19 Among a Sample of the Population of Pakistan

Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Oct 20:8:754121. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.754121. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Muhammad Rizwan¹, Tauseef Ahmad^{2

3}, Xuehong Qi¹, Manal Abdulaziz Murad⁴, Mukhtiar Baig⁵, Abdullah Khalid Sagga⁶, Saba Tariq⁷, Fizzah Baig⁸, Rozina Naz⁹, Jin Hui^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ School of Education Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
² Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
⁴ Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ General Dentist, Assistant Professor for Primary Health Care, Medical Program for Chronic Disease, General Department, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmacology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
⁸ Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁹ Department of Psychology, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan.

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess social media (SM) use, psychological distress, and knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among a sample of the population of Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan between April and May 2020. Demographics details, SM use, psychological distress, and KAP on the COVID-19 were investigated. A total of 800 respondents were analyzed out of which 33.5% (n = 268) were women. No gender-wise difference was found in the terms of SM use and duration of SM use. Women were prone to have psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and stress than men in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The mean knowledge score of men was significantly higher compared to women (18.69 ± 4.20 vs. 16.89 ± 3.04, p < 0.001), while the mean score of the attitude and practices on the COVID-19 prevention measures was significantly better in women (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). The psychological problems such as anxiety (p < 0.001) and depression scores (p = 0.033) were higher among women than men. The stress score was also higher in women but not significantly higher (p = 0.079). The knowledge was significantly correlated with attitude, anxiety, depression, and stress. The regression analysis showed that the COVID-19-related KAPs are the predictors of psychological suffering of an individual. The female gender was positively associated with anxiety and depression. The SM use was the predictor of the stress. Male respondents had significantly more knowledge of the COVID-19 than female respondents, but women had significantly better attitudes and practiced the COVID-19 prevention measures. Gender is a significant determinant of psychological distress and KAP about the COVID-19. The government has already taken significant steps to limit the spread of the disease; however, much more effort is required to tackle this COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety; attitude; depression; knowledge; practices; social media; stress.