Background: Psoriasis is considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor, evidentially driving atherosclerosis. However, little is known about changes in the microvasculature of non-lesional skin in psoriasis patients. This study systematically examined capillary pathologies in psoriasis patients by digital video nailfold capillaroscopy.
Patients and methods: Prospective study comparing nailfold capillaries of psoriasis patients with those of healthy controls. Nailfold capillaries were evaluated for 21 parameters and results were correlated with characteristics of patients and psoriatic disease, laboratory parameters, and measurements of carotid intima-media thickness.
Results: 77 psoriasis patients (24 patients with additional psoriatic arthritis) and 71 controls were well-matched for demographic features and for relevant confounding factors causing microangiopathy. In comparison with controls, psoriasis patients showed a significant loss of capillaries, capillary expansion with increased ramifications and tortuosity and capillary irregularities. Moreover, in psoriasis patients we found significantly elevated serum markers of inflammation and significantly increased intima-media-thickness measurements. We found no effect of disease duration nor disease activity on capillary changes.
Conclusions: Nailfold capillaries of psoriasis patients showed marked microvascular abnormalities accompanied by increased markers of systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Prospective cohort studies are needed to assess the role of nailfold capillaroscopy for predicting the cardiovascular risk of psoriasis patients.
Keywords: cardiovascular risk; digital video nailfold capillaroscopy; nailfold capillary; psoriasis.
© 2021 The Authors. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft.