p-Cresyl Sulfate Predicts Ischemic Stroke among Patients on Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Dis Markers. 2022 Jan 31:2022:1358419. doi: 10.1155/2022/1358419. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Method: Patients on hemodialysis over 6 months were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and were divided into 2 groups based on plasma p-cresyl sulfate level. The primary end point was the first episode of ischemic stroke during follow-up. The association between p-cresyl sulfate and ischemic stroke incidence was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.

Results: 220 patients were enrolled in this study. 44 patients experienced episodes of first ischemic stroke during follow-up for 87.8 (47.6-119.5) months. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic stroke in the high p-cresyl sulfate group was significantly higher than that in the low p-cresyl sulfate group (Log-Rank P = 0.007). Cox regression analysis as well proved that p-cresyl sulfate level was significantly associated with the first incidence of ischemic stroke (HR (hazard ratio) 2.332, 95% CI (95% confidence interval) 1.236-4.399, P = 0.009). After being adjusted for other confounding risk factors, the results persisted significant (model 11: HR 2.061, 95% CI 1.030-4.125, P = 0.041).

Conclusion: Plasma p-cresyl sulfate predicts the first incidence of ischemic stroke in hemodialysis patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cresols / blood*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Ischemic Stroke / epidemiology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies
  • Renal Dialysis*
  • Sulfuric Acid Esters / blood*

Substances

  • Cresols
  • Sulfuric Acid Esters
  • 4-cresol sulfate