Prevalence and Correlates of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Adults With HIV: Insights From the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE)

Abstract

Background: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of cardiovasvular disease (CVD) and sudden cardiac death. Previous work has suggested an association between HIV infection and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. There are limited data on the burden of ECG abnormalities among PWH in a multiracial, multiethnic globally representative population.

Setting: One hundred twenty sites in the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE).

Methods: ECG findings were grouped into clinically relevant categories using sex-specific thresholds when indicated. We used the Fisher exact tests to assess associations of demographic characteristics and ECG abnormalities. We used logistic regression model to assess associations between demographic and HIV management measures, with adjustment.

Results: We analyzed data for 7720 PWH (99% of participants) (median age 50 years, 69% male participants). There were 3346 (43%) Black or African American, 2680 (35%) White, and 1139 (15%) Asian participants. Most of the participants (97%) had viral load that was <400 copies/mL or <lower limits of quantification. Nearly half of the participants had at least one ECG abnormality (44%). QTc prolongation was more common among male than female participants (9% vs. 6%, P = 0.001) and nearly twice as common among Asian participants (12%) when compared with other racial groups (7%) (P < 0.0001). Participants with viral load >400 copies/mL had approximately twice the odds of prolonged QTc compared with those that were undetectable (adjusted OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.45).

Conclusions: Prolonged QTc is common among male, Asian, and REPRIEVE participants with higher viral loads. These relationships warrant future investigation of linkages to ensuing CVD events among PWH.