The Norwood operation performed with the heart beating and no prosthetic materials

Abstract

The Norwood procedure performed with the heart beating is a useful and attractive way to perform the stage I palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. It allows completion of the surgical procedure without stopping the heart and without using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Therefore it could be an attractive solution for reducing the adverse effects of the operation and the rate of postoperative complications. Moreover, this technique avoids the use of prosthetic materials, thus minimizing long-term complications and reoperations, and promotes a more physiological growth of the anatomical structures. However, the high level of expertise required to perform this type of complex neonatal procedure with the heart beating may be limited to only a few centers in the world thus far.

Keywords: Antegrade cerebral perfusion; Aortic arch; Aortic arch hypoplasia; Aortic arch reconstruction; Beating-heart surgery; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome; Norwood operation; Sano modification.