Hydroxyapatite composited PEEK with 3D porous surface enhances osteoblast differentiation through mediating NO by macrophage

Xingdan Liu; Liping Ouyang; Lan Chen; Yuqin Qiao; Xiaohan Ma; Guohua Xu; Xuanyong Liu

doi:10.1093/rb/rbab076

Hydroxyapatite composited PEEK with 3D porous surface enhances osteoblast differentiation through mediating NO by macrophage

Regen Biomater. 2021 Dec 16:9:rbab076. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbab076. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xingdan Liu^{1

2}, Liping Ouyang³, Lan Chen⁴, Yuqin Qiao^{1

2}, Xiaohan Ma^{1

5}, Guohua Xu⁶, Xuanyong Liu^{1

2

5}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dingxi Road 1295, Shanghai 200050, China.
² Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China.
³ Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
⁴ School of Materials Science, and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Science Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
⁵ Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenwei Road 345, Ningbo 315300, China.
⁶ Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.

Abstract

The adverse immune response mediated by macrophages is one of the main factors that are prone to lead poor osseointegration of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants in clinic. Hence, endowing PEEK with immunomodulatory ability to avoid the adverse immune response becomes a promising strategy to promote bone repair. In this work, sulfonation and hydrothermal treatment were used to fabricate a 3D porous surface on PEEK and hydroxyapatite (HA) composited PEEK. The HA composited PEEK with 3D porous surface inhibited macrophages polarizing to M1 phenotype and downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression, which led to a nitric oxide concentration reduction in culture medium of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) under co-culture condition. The decrease of nitric oxide concentration could help to increase bone formation-related OSX and ALP genes expressions and decrease bone resorption-related MMP-9 and MMP-13 genes expressions via cAMP-PKA-RUNX2 pathway in mBMSCs. In summary, the HA composited PEEK with 3D porous surface has the potential to promote osteogenesis of PEEK through immunomodulation, which provides a promising strategy to improve the bone repair ability of PEEK.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite; nitric oxide; osteoimmunology; polyetheretherketone; three-dimensional porous.