Prevalence of Hypertension in Sudanese Patients With Gouty Arthritis

Sufian M Khaild; Amro M Fagir; Ziryab I Taha; Awadelkareem A Elshareef; Mohammed H Mohammed; Khalda M Saeed; Elnour M Elagib; Elwalied M Ibrahim; Jimmy William

doi:10.7759/cureus.24248

Prevalence of Hypertension in Sudanese Patients With Gouty Arthritis

Cureus. 2022 Apr 18;14(4):e24248. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24248. eCollection 2022 Apr.

Authors

Sufian M Khaild¹, Amro M Fagir², Ziryab I Taha^{3

4}, Awadelkareem A Elshareef⁵, Mohammed H Mohammed⁶, Khalda M Saeed⁷, Elnour M Elagib⁸, Elwalied M Ibrahim⁹, Jimmy William¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine, Nile Valley University, Atbara, SDN.
² Internal Medicine, Al Ain Hospital, Abu Dhabi, ARE.
³ Rheumatology, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum North, SDN.
⁴ Internal Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, SDN.
⁵ Urology, Nile Valley University, Atbara, SDN.
⁶ Internal Medicine, Atbara Teaching Hospital, Atbara, SDN.
⁷ Biochemistry, Nile Valley University, Atbara, SDN.
⁸ Rheumatology, Omdurman Military Hospital, Omdurman, SDN.
⁹ Internal Medicine, International University of Africa, Khartoum, SDN.
¹⁰ Internal Medicine, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, IRL.

Abstract

Background In this study, we aimed to study the frequency of hypertension in Sudanese patients with gouty arthritis attending the largest three tertiary hospitals in Khartoum and correlate it with serum uric acid levels. Methodology An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in rheumatology clinics in Khartoum state, Sudan, from August 2020 to January 2021 involving 100 participants. Data were collected, prepared, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results In this study, 100 participants were enrolled. The majority were males (79%), with 45% of the participants in the age group of 61-75 years. Overall, 89% of participants had symptoms of gouty arthritis, with the knee being the most common joint affected in 27% of participants. Most participants had a uric acid level above the target (6 mg/dL). The most frequently used uric acid lowering agent was found to be allopurinol in 85% of the patients. Furthermore, among those with gouty arthritis, 51% had hypertension with nearly half being insufficiently controlled. The frequency of undiagnosed hypertension among the participants was found to be 19%, which was statistically significant among gouty arthritis patients (p-value < 0.0001). Upon further analysis of our hypertensive participants, 79.5% of males (n = 35) had high blood pressure levels, which was statistically significant as well (p-value = 0.005), with the highest prevalence being among the age group of 61-75 years. Of those who were hypertensive, 51% had a history of concomitant comorbidity. Overall, 90% of the hypertensive participants (n = 40) had joint symptoms. Moreover, serum uric acid level was above the target in 93% of the participants. Conclusions Hypertension was found to be the most frequently recognized comorbidity in gouty arthritic patients, with more than a third remaining undiagnosed. Moreover, the male gender was a significant risk factor for hypertension among the gouty arthritis participants. Nevertheless, most patients with high blood pressure levels had concurrent elevated uric acid levels.

Keywords: allopurinol; arthralgia; gouty arthritis; hypertension; uric acid.