G-Quadruplex Recognition by DARPIns through Epitope/Paratope Analogy

Chemistry. 2022 Oct 12;28(57):e202201824. doi: 10.1002/chem.202201824. Epub 2022 Aug 22.

Abstract

We investigated the mechanisms leading to the specific recognition of Guanine Guadruplex (G4) by DARPins peptides, which can lead to the design of G4 s specific sensors. To this end we carried out all-atom molecular dynamic simulations to unravel the interactions between specific nucleic acids, including human-telomeric (h-telo), Bcl-2, and c-Myc, with different peptides, forming a DARPin/G4 complex. By comparing the sequences of DARPin with that of a peptide known for its high affinity for c-Myc, we show that the recognition cannot be ascribed to sequence similarity but, instead, depends on the complementarity between the three-dimensional arrangement of the molecular fragments involved: the α-helix/loops domain of DARPin and the G4 backbone. Our results reveal that DARPins tertiary structure presents a charged hollow region in which G4 can be hosted, thus the more complementary the structural shapes, the more stable the interaction.

Keywords: DARPin; c-Myc promoter; epitope/paratope recognition; guanine quadruplex; molecular dynamics.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites, Antibody
  • Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins
  • Epitopes
  • G-Quadruplexes*
  • Guanine / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Nucleic Acids*
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2

Substances

  • Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins
  • Epitopes
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Peptides
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
  • Guanine