A sizable proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fail to achieve remission. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only intervention with potential of long-term survival. A recent Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP)/European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) analysis reports substantial posttransplant survival gains for patients with active disease who received transplants. Decreased relapse was the largest contributor to survival, a cause for optimism in this challenging population. See related article by Nagler et al., p. 4258.
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