Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of ocular injury in patients with severe extensive thermal burns, and to explore the effective methods to prevent and treat corneal ulcers related to severe burns. Methods: A retrospective case series study. Between 2010 and 2019, Sixteen severe thermal burn patients with burn sizes>70% of the total body surface area involving the ocular region were admitted to the Burns and Plastic Surgery Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, and consult with Ophthalmology Division. There were deep second-degree to fourth-degree burns in the eyelids. In the eleven surviving patients, 22 eyes presented ectropion. Eyelid full-thickness skin grafting (EFTSG) combined with or without tarsorrhaphy was performed in 20 eyes due to severe corneal exposure. Two eyes received partial blepharorrhaphy because of mild ectropion. The ocular manifestations and treatment outcomes were reviewed and assessed. Results: The majority of the patients were youth, and the average age was (36.8±10.4) years. The burn area was 84.0%±9.1% of the body surface area. Corneal ulcers secondary to lagophthalmos occurred at (35.1±15.6) days after burning in 75% (24/32) of eyes. Perforation was found in 18.8% (6/32) of eyes. Among the 22 operated eyes, the corneal ulcer was repaired in all 9 eyes receiving EFTSG with tarsorrhaphy, whereas ectropion recurred in 8 of 11 eyes only receiving EFTSG, and 4 eyes underwent further surgery due to corneal epithelial defects. Conclusions: In patients with severe large-area thermal burns, corneal ulcers are common complications. Prevention of corneal exposure is vital because the treatment of corneal ulceration is difficult due to eyelid deformity, inflammation and the absence of donor skin. Timely full-thickness skin grafting and blepharorrhaphy are effective approaches to preventing exposure keratopathy. To severe ulcers occur, conjunctival flap or Tenon's capsule covering combined with eyelid EFTSG and tarsorrhaphy is useful to rescue visual function.
目的： 探讨大面积热烧伤患者眼睑和角膜病变的特点和不同治疗措施的效果，寻找防治重症热烧伤患者角膜溃疡的有效方法。 方法： 回顾性病例系列研究。收集2010年至2019年收治于解放军总医院烧伤整形医学部并在眼科医学部会诊的全身Ⅲ度烧伤面积大于70%体表总面积且累及眼部的16例（32只眼）热烧伤患者资料。所有患者眼睑烧伤深度为深Ⅱ至Ⅳ度。对患者全身及眼部表现的特点进行分析。11例患者（22只眼）因角膜暴露接受手术治疗（其余5例治疗期间死于全身并发症），9只眼行眼睑自体全厚皮植皮术（EFTSG）联合睑裂缝合手术治疗，11只眼仅行EFTSG，2只眼因眼睑外翻较轻仅行部分睑裂缝合术未行EFTSG以保护角膜。通过眼睑闭合程度、视力、角膜情况评价不同手术方式的治疗效果，总结重症热烧伤患者角膜溃疡的最佳防治方案。 结果： 患者多为中青年男性，年龄（36.8±10.4）岁，热烧伤面积占体表总面积的84.0%±9.1%。75%（24/32）的患者发生角膜上皮缺损或溃疡，角膜损伤发生在伤后（35.1±15.6）D，其中18.8%（6/32）发展为角膜穿孔。接受手术治疗的22只眼中，行EFTSG联合睑裂缝合术的9只眼术后角膜溃疡修复，视功能最大限度保留；EFTSG未联合睑裂缝合术的11只眼中有8只眼术后再次发生睑外翻，其中4例出现角膜溃疡，需再次手术治疗。 结论： 在大面积热烧伤累及眼睑的患者角膜溃疡发生率较高，应引起高度重视，预防角膜暴露至关重要。早期EFTSG联合睑裂缝合是预防角膜溃疡的关键。对于难治性角膜溃疡，结膜瓣或球筋膜瓣遮盖，同时进行EFTSG联合睑裂缝合手术是挽救患者视功能的有效手段。.